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The capital of Pennsylvania is Harrisburg. This city was designated as the capital in 1812 and is located in the central part of the state along the Susquehanna River. Harrisburg serves as the political hub of the state, housing the Pennsylvania State Capitol building where legislative activities take place, and it is also the center for state government agencies and offices.

Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, and Reading, while significant cities in Pennsylvania, do not serve as the capital. Pittsburgh is known for its steel industry and cultural institutions, Philadelphia is famous for its historical significance and is home to the Liberty Bell, while Reading is a city with its own distinct characteristics and history. However, none of these cities fulfill the role of the capital for the state, making Harrisburg the correct answer.