What does the term 'checks and balances' refer to in governance?

The term 'checks and balances' refers specifically to a method designed to ensure that no single branch of government—executive, legislative, or judicial—can exceed its power. This system is foundational to many democratic governments, including that of the United States. It establishes a framework where each branch has some measure of influence over the other branches, helping to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful or abusing its authority.

This mechanism is critical for maintaining a balance of power, ensuring accountability, and protecting individual rights. For instance, the legislative branch has the power to create laws; however, the executive branch can veto those laws, and the judicial branch can review them for constitutionality. This interplay creates a dynamic system where power is not concentrated and encourages cooperation and negotiation among branches.

The other options fail to encapsulate the essence of 'checks and balances.' They describe various aspects of governance or operational procedures without highlighting the crucial aspect of power limitation and oversight among branches.